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        <p>windows系统，试试浏览器里：file://C:/Users/<br>如果把‘file’协议换成‘http’协议,把‘C:/’换成‘<a href="http://www.gitee.com/’,把‘Users/’换成‘explore/’,得到" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.gitee.com/’,把‘Users/’换成‘explore/’,得到</a>: <a href="http://www.gitee.com/explore/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.gitee.com/explore/</a><br>现在得到了一个网址。</p>
<p>关于http，静态网站，动态网站，关于url，get，post不再赘述。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h3 id="免费得到一个静态网站"><a href="#免费得到一个静态网站" class="headerlink" title="免费得到一个静态网站"></a>免费得到一个静态网站</h3><p>例如本博客，使用码云的page服务，我们得到了一个静态web服务器，然后上传html，css，js，img等资源，便免费创建了一个静态网站。<br>使用js，让网站页面拥有动画效果，dom操作，远程数据传输等功能。<br>具体如何创建，详见码云page服务指南。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>note: 有时本地临时创建一个静态web服务器(文件服务器?),推荐一个小软件：EasyWebSvr</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="使用NodeJS创建一个动态网站"><a href="#使用NodeJS创建一个动态网站" class="headerlink" title="使用NodeJS创建一个动态网站"></a>使用NodeJS创建一个动态网站</h3><p>关于html, css不再赘述。<br>关于JavaScript, js-dom, js-bom, js-ajax不再赘述; nodejs也不再赘述。<br>这里使用NodeJS在本地创建一个web项目，参考<a href="https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1022910821149312/1023025872893568" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1022910821149312/1023025872893568</a></p>
<p>1.npm init, 创建koa2项目框架</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hello-koa/</span><br><span class="line">+- node_modules/ &lt;-- npm安装的所有依赖包</span><br><span class="line">+- package.json &lt;-- 项目描述文件</span><br><span class="line">+- app.js &lt;-- 使用koa的js</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>note: Node.js在全局变量process中定义了一个环境变量env.NODE_ENV，当部署到服务器上时，环境变量应该设置为’production’</p>
</blockquote>
<p>2.koa2处理URL</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//koa-router</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//koa-bodyparser</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> Koa = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'koa'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> bodyParser = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'koa-bodyparser'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> router = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'koa-router'</span>)();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> app = <span class="keyword">new</span> Koa();</span><br><span class="line">app.use(bodyParser());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// log request URL, middleware的顺序很重要</span></span><br><span class="line">app.use(<span class="keyword">async</span> (ctx, next) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">`Process <span class="subst">$&#123;ctx.request.method&#125;</span> <span class="subst">$&#123;ctx.request.url&#125;</span>...`</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">await</span> next();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">router.get(<span class="string">'/'</span>, <span class="keyword">async</span> (ctx, next) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ctx.response.body = <span class="string">`&lt;h1&gt;Index&lt;/h1&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;form action="/signin" method="post"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;p&gt;Name: &lt;input name="name" value="koa"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;p&gt;Password: &lt;input name="password" type="password"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type="submit" value="Submit"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;/form&gt;`</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">router.post(<span class="string">'/signin'</span>, <span class="keyword">async</span> (ctx, next) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> name = ctx.request.body.name || <span class="string">''</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> password = ctx.request.body.password || <span class="string">''</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">`signin with name: <span class="subst">$&#123;name&#125;</span>, password: <span class="subst">$&#123;password&#125;</span>`</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (name === <span class="string">'koa'</span> &amp;&amp; password === <span class="string">'12345'</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ctx.response.body = <span class="string">`&lt;h1&gt;Welcome, <span class="subst">$&#123;name&#125;</span>!&lt;/h1&gt;`</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ctx.response.body = <span class="string">`&lt;h1&gt;Login failed!&lt;/h1&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Try again&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;`</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">router.get(<span class="string">'/hello/:name'</span>, <span class="keyword">async</span> (ctx, next) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> name = ctx.params.name;</span><br><span class="line">    ctx.response.body = <span class="string">`&lt;h1&gt;Hello, <span class="subst">$&#123;name&#125;</span>!&lt;/h1&gt;`</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// add router middleware:</span></span><br><span class="line">app.use(router.routes());</span><br><span class="line">app.listen(<span class="number">3000</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'app started at port 3000...'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>note: 这里每增加一个url，就要修改一次app.js，可以按照那个教程里去整理一下，这里省去。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>3.使用模板引擎Nunjucks</p>
<p>新建一个文件夹views用于存放每个url对应的html<br>这里新建一个hello.html,内容为<code>&lt;h1&gt;Hello &lt;/h1&gt;</code><br>修改<code>router.get(&#39;/hello/:name&#39;, ...);</code><br>使用模板引擎产出字符串<code>ctx.response.body = nunjucksEnv.render(&#39;hello.html&#39;, { name: &#39;小明&#39; });</code><br>不可避免的是，我们要写html代码，并且会使用到静态资源，静态资源也存在于我们的这个web服务器上，<br>因此，我们需要一个’/static/‘打头的静态资源url处理中间件，他用于返回静态资源。</p>
<p>4.整理下目前的代码</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a.第一个middleware是记录URL以及页面执行时间</span><br><span class="line">b.第二个middleware处理静态文件</span><br><span class="line">c.第三个middleware解析POST请求的请求体</span><br><span class="line">d.第四个middleware负责给ctx加上render()来使用Nunjucks</span><br><span class="line">e.最后一个middleware处理URL路由</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="让动态网站可以访问数据库"><a href="#让动态网站可以访问数据库" class="headerlink" title="让动态网站可以访问数据库"></a>让动态网站可以访问数据库</h3><p>静态网站只是简单的get到html文件的文件服务器。<br>动态网站，是因为它能处理get或者post发送来的数据。<br>现在为网站增加访问数据库的能力，使网站具备上传留言，预览留言列表的功能。<br>这里我们使用mysql模块手写sql语句，不用ORM了，并且不讨论并发问题。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// CURD</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> mysql = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'mysql'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> mydb = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    pool: <span class="literal">null</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    setPool() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.pool = mysql.createPool(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            host: <span class="string">'www.db4free.net'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            user: <span class="string">'xxxxxx'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            password: <span class="string">'xxxxxx'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            port: <span class="string">'3306'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            database: <span class="string">'xxxxxx'</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    curd(sql, params) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// var sql = 'SELECT * FROM websites';</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// var delSql = 'DELETE FROM websites where id=6';</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// var addSql = 'INSERT INTO websites(Id,name,url,alexa,country) VALUES(0,?,?,?,?)';</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// var addSqlParams = ['菜鸟工具', 'https://c.runoob.com', '23453', 'CN'];</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// var modSql = 'UPDATE websites SET name = ?,url = ? WHERE Id = ?';</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// var modSqlParams = ['菜鸟移动站', 'https://m.runoob.com', 6];</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">resolve, reject</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">this</span>.pool.getConnection(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">err, connection</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (err) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    reject(err);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    connection.query(sql, params, (err, rows) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">if</span> (err) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            reject(err);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            resolve(rows);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                        connection.release()</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// koa2</span></span><br><span class="line">router.get(<span class="string">'/msglist'</span>, <span class="keyword">async</span> (ctx, next) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> rows = <span class="keyword">await</span> db.curd(<span class="string">'SELECT * FROM msgs'</span>);<span class="comment">// 数组</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> msgs = [];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">let</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; rows.length; i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        msgs.push(<span class="built_in">JSON</span>.stringify(rows[i]));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    ctx.response.body = env.render(<span class="string">'msglist.html'</span>, &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        msgs</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">router.post(<span class="string">'/msgadd'</span>, <span class="keyword">async</span> (ctx, next) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> msg = ctx.request.body.msg || <span class="string">''</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (msg) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">let</span> rows = <span class="keyword">await</span> db.curd(<span class="string">'INSERT INTO msgs(msg) VALUES(?)'</span>, [msg]);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(rows);<span class="comment">// OkPacket</span></span><br><span class="line">        ctx.response.body = <span class="string">`&lt;h1&gt;add msg ok&lt;/h1&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p&gt;<span class="subst">$&#123;msg&#125;</span>&lt;p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/msglist"&gt;msg list&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;`</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ctx.response.body = <span class="string">`&lt;h1&gt;parse msg failed!&lt;/h1&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/msglist"&gt;msg list&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;`</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">router.get(<span class="string">'/updatelist1'</span>, <span class="keyword">async</span> (ctx, next) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> result = <span class="keyword">await</span> db.curd(<span class="string">'UPDATE msgs SET msg = ? WHERE Id = ?'</span>, [<span class="string">'修改了此条'</span>, <span class="number">1</span>]);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(result);<span class="comment">// OkPacket</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> rows = <span class="keyword">await</span> db.curd(<span class="string">'SELECT * FROM msgs'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    ctx.response.body = rows.toString();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">router.get(<span class="string">'/deletelist3'</span>, <span class="keyword">async</span> (ctx, next) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> result = <span class="keyword">await</span> db.curd(<span class="string">'DELETE FROM msgs where id=3'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(result);<span class="comment">// OkPacket</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> rows = <span class="keyword">await</span> db.curd(<span class="string">'SELECT * FROM msgs'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    ctx.response.body = rows.toString();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="阶段性总结"><a href="#阶段性总结" class="headerlink" title="阶段性总结"></a>阶段性总结</h3><p>现在我们拥有了一个全部在后端完成的网站，它具备数据库操作能力，提供静态资源url，<br>它使用模板引擎向html输出变量，得到html字符串，然后返回给请求者。<br>这其中，感觉挺麻烦的应该是写html，所以我们应该使用“前后端分离”技术。</p>

      
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            <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#免费得到一个静态网站"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">免费得到一个静态网站</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#使用NodeJS创建一个动态网站"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用NodeJS创建一个动态网站</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#让动态网站可以访问数据库"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">让动态网站可以访问数据库</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#阶段性总结"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">阶段性总结</span></a></li></ol>
        
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